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and upon the adjoining sepulchre these remarkable characters:

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+ + P K & ↑ MoYPT PTOY TEAF! MEE TEPIA PII

A very ancient mode of writing the name of the city is evident, in this inscription.* If the PII, written in such legible cha racters at the end, be the date, it denotes a degree of antiquity irreconcilable to the form of one of the letters, and would carry us back to a period equal to two thousand four hundred and forty-one years; but it may specify a sum of money, as in the termination of the inscription upon the tomb of Helen.

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Over the entrance of a third sepulchre, near these, I found another very legible inscription,† with a square sigma :

ΔΙΟΤΕΙΜΟΥΤΟΥ

ΤΛΕΠΟΛΕΜΟΥΚΑΙ

ΔΙΟ ΤΕΙΜΟΥΔΙΕΤΟΥ

ΤΛΕΠΟΛΕΜΟ ΠΡΟΓΟΝΙΚΟΝ

And over a fourth, an inscription less perfect, with the same sig. ma, of which I could only discern these letters:

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But there were some of these sepulchres without any discoverable entrance, either natural or artificial; nor could we con ceive how they were formed, or in what manner bodies were conveyed into the interior. The slabs whence the seeming doors were constructed, proved, upon examination, to be inte

The arrow-headed character may be a numeral. See the first inscription in Maffei Museum Veronense. The last word in this inscription, poyovixov, may be translated monumentum avi tum; pwov being understood. Vid. Maffei Museum Veronense, 53,

gral parts, of the solid rock; neither would the interior have been discerned, had it not been for a small irregular aperture, broken by the people of the country through one of the divisions hewn in imitation of pannels. Through this hole, barely wide enough for a person to thrust his head, we obtained a view of the interior. Here we perceived the same sort of chamber as in the others, but without the smallest joint or crevice, either belonging to the doors, or any where in its massive sides, by means of which a stone might be removed, or any opening ef fected for a place of admission. This may be left for explanation by future travellers who visit Macri. It was to us altogether incomprehensible; and therefore it is better to curtail the marvellous, than, by enlarging upon such a subject, to incur the imputation of writing a romance. Something like the curious cement, before mentioned,* in the oracular cave to the west of the theatre, might perhaps, by its resemblance to natural stone, have deluded our observation, and thus coucealed a secret entrance to the tomb. There is reason to suspect, from the general appearance of their places of burial, that the Telmessensians were not more studious of beauty and elegance in their con struction, than of preventing access to them afterward; and it is probable that, in certain instances, the only clue to the interior was in possession of the priests, or of the family to whom these sepulchres belonged. Hence may have originated the oriental tales of charms used in admission to subterranean cavès, and chambers of the dead.f

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I endeavoured to delineate the next we visited, on account of its simplicity and beauty. The letters of an inscription in the front of it were rude, and barbarously engraven. petition of the words THE MONVENT (Turnusior) is also remarkable. Wtihin, it had three soroi, Jue on each side of the chamber. One of the pannels in front was open; the other never was intended to be so, the rock behind being plain and entire. Of all these tombs, the most magnificent are those

* See page 145

There is something of this nature in Gray's translation of "The descent of Odin," "from the Norse tongue.

Facing to the northen clime,

Thrice he traced the Runic rhyme;

Thrice pronounc'd, in accents dread,

The thrilling verse that wakes the dead;

Till, from out the hollow ground,

Slowly breath' a sullen sound:

"What call unknown, what charms presume,

"To break the quiet of the tomb?"

Its length within, was five feet ten inches; and its breadth, five feet two inches.

cut in a precipice facing the sea. Many of these have the appearance of being inaccessible; but by dint of climbing from rock to rock, at the risk of a dangerous fall, it is possible to ascend even to the highest. They are there fronted with rude pillars, whose capitals exhibit the curvature, or horn, generally considered as denoting the Ionic order of architecture; and those pillars are integral parts of the solid rock. Some of them are twenty feet high. The mouths of these sepulchres are closed with beautiful sculptured imitations of brazen or iron doors, with hinges, knobs, and bars. The porous nature of the rock had occasioned filtrations, and a stalactite deposit bad nearly covered a very long inscription by the side of one of them. All that could be discerned was a repetition of the words to μvnμsior, as in the former instance. A species of sage, growing in great abundance, to the size of a large shrub, also covered the rocks here, yielding a fine aromatic smell. Enough has perhaps already been said of these monuments; and yet not more than a third part of them has been described. The whole mountain facing the sea is filled by their remains. After examining that which has been last described, I ascended to one above, appearing larger than any of the others. Here the rock consisted of a beautiful breccia; and before the mouth of this remarkable tomb were columns of that substance, twenty feet in height. This is the most elevated of all the sepulchres of Telmessus. The view from it commands the bay. Looking hence upon the water, I could plainly perceive the traces of extensive ruins stretching into the sea, visible from that emineuce, although covered by the waves. To the east of the town, at a cousiderable distance from it, uear the mouth of the river Glaucus, there appeared the substruction of an ancient work, that seemed to have been part of a mole, and of a fortress. The peasants of the place informed us, that ten leagues to the east of what are called the Seven Capes, or one day and an half's journey from Macri, at a village called Koynúcky, there are very great ruins, among which may be discerned statues, columns, and several ancient inscriptions. These reports are often exaggerations; but it may be worth while to seek here the remains of Xanthus, and of Patara, cities of Lycia, concerning whose modern state we have no information; the one celebrated for the siege it sustained against Brutus, and the other for the embellishments bestowed upon it by Ptolemy Philadelphus.

During the time we remained in Macri Bay, the aghas of the country were at war: marauding parties, profiting by the general tumult, had set fire to several villages. It was therefore dangerous to venture far from the coast. Indeed, the sea side was not without its dangers. Captain Castle, venturing along the beach, in search of a convenient place to obtain a supply of fresh water, fell into the hands of a party of the natives, as wild and savage in their appearance as any of the tribes of Caucasus. We found him surrounded by twentyfive armed men, who had taken his dirk from him, and who seemed very mischievously disposed. One of these fellows, a sturdy mountaineer, wore, by way of ornament, one of the buttons of a British naval officer's uniform. We could not learn how he obtained this. As our interpreter was not with us, it was proposed that we should adopt a method resorted to by Captain Cooke in such situations, and prevail upon some of these men by signs, to accompany us on board. Four of them consented, among who was the chief. They followed us to the place where the boat was stationed, but expressed visible uneasiness, and began to call loudly to their companions on shore, as we stretched out from the land toward the Tauride. We conducted them, however, upon deck, when a new dilemma occurred; for captain Castle, conceiving that he had been insulted by these men, insisted upon fighting with their chief. It was with difficulty we could prevent this from being noticed by the party who had ventured with us; but getting them all at last into the cabin, and having appeased our worthy captain, by pointing out the danger to which he would expose others of our countrymen, in offending the natives of a coast frequented at that time by our ships for wood and water, he consented to overlook the indignity. After giving them a dram each, with a little gunpowder, some Constantinople pipes, tobacco, and coffee, they were so gratified, that we might perhaps have ventured with them, even to Koynûcky, whither they offered to escort us. We contented ourselves, however, in gaining their permisssion to botanize unmolested around the gulph, and for that purpose accompanied them back to their companions.

We landed upon the western side of the bay, near the place laid down in the chart as the most convenient for watering ships, where a river empties itself into the gulph. Here we found ruins of several buildings, situated in pools of stagnant water and most unwholesome marshes. The sands were covered with

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exceedingly rare plants, To add to the extraordinary allurements presented by the coast of Macri, it is pre-eminently distinguished by the interest it offers to the botanist. We found no less than eleven new species, beside many almost unknown, during our short examination of the place. The new-discover ed plants alone will be mentioned in a note.* We also visit

* I. A non-descript shrubby species of daphne, with slender flexuose shining shoots, and pointed leaves, about two-thirds of an inch long, of a lanceolate form upon the lower part of the branches, but gradually becoming more oval as they ascend; the rays of the umbel nearly of the same length with the involucre; the divisions of the calyx very short, rounded, and entire; the petals toothed, nearly wedge shaped. We have named it EUPHORBIA MUCRONATA. Euphorbia fruticosa, glabra: foliis ovato lanceolatis mucronatis integerrimis : foliolis involucri ovalibus: involucelli ebovatis: integerrimis petalis dentatis; capsulis verrucosis glabris.

II. A small non-descript species of trigonella, with prostrate pubescent stems, from three to five inches long; the largest leaflets measuring only a quarter of an inch. The pods very narrow, hanging down, with the points again turned upward, like a bunch of fish-hooks. We have named it TRIGONELLA HAMIGERA. Trigonella legu minibus pedicellatis, linearibus, hamatis, declinatis, pubescentibus, pedunculo fructifero inermi folio longiore foliolis cuneato obovatis, dentatis, sericeo-pubescentibus. III. A non-descript species of galium, in habit resembling the aparine, or commer cleavers, and the stems and leaves in the same manner rough, with hooked prickles; but differing in having fewer leaves together, and their points more clongated, and in the fruit being quite concealed in its long hooked bristles.

We have called

it GALIUM TRACHYCARFUM. This species is very nearly allied to the galium aparinoïdes of Forsk hal. Galium foliis senis septenisve angusio-lanceolatis longè mucronatis, carinis marginibusque aculeatis : fructu densissimè hispido. IV. A non descript dwarf annual species of bromus, about a foot in height, with the heads of flowers nearly of an oval form, very close, and shining, their length from one to two inches. We have called it BROMUS NITIDUS. Bromus annuus humilis, panicula ovata coarctata: spiculis brevissimè pedunculatis, erectis, glabris, nitidis. subnovem floris; floribus diandris, aristis rectis glumis paulo-longioribus, scabris foliispiloso-hirsutis

V. A non descript species of alopecurus, about the height of the bromus nilidus, the heads of flowers nearly oblong, and placed very little above their inflated sheath, the end of which generally rises above them; the awns more than double the length of the glumes. The species ought to be placed near the alopecurus angustifolius of Dr. Sibthorpe. We have called it ALOPECURUS FOLIOSus. Alopecurus spica ovatooblonga giumis acutis arista dimidio brevioribus, basin versus hirsutis, dorso-asperis: vaginis inflatis longis: foliis striatis margine asperis.

VI. A non-descript species of onosma, with short crooked woody stems, lanceolate, and blunt bristly leaves, from about half an inch to an inch in length, the bunches of flowers short, nodding, generally simple; the corolla about a third part longer than the calyx, and the stigma two-cleft. We have named it bristly onosma. OXOSMA SETIGERA. Onosma caule fruticente, pumilo tortuose: ramis brevibus hispidis; foliis lanceolatis, papillosis, setis pungentibus asperis: racemis brevibus: calycibus dense setosis: corollâ elongatâ subcylindrica: antheris excertis. Vil. A non-descript species of trifolium, about nine or ten inches long, the stem a little hairy upward, with few branches, or quite simple, the leasets inversely heart shaped and toothed; the flowers purple, in short close heads, persisting, and becoming rigid; the standard very large, rounded above, but narrowing, downward. The species ought to be arranged near the well known trifolium spadiceum of Linnæus, and the trifolium speciosum of Professor Willdenow. We have called it TRIFOLIUM CILIATUM. Trifolum annuum, spicis subovatis hemisphærisve pauci floris, corolla cariosâ majuscula: petalis denticulatis: calycis dentibus subulatis, ciliotis, inaqualibus: foliolis obcordatis denticulatis: stipulis ciliatis majusculis.

by any author.

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Upon the Isle of Abercrombie, in the mouth of the gulph, we discovered, among other very rare plants, the four following entirely new species, hitherto undescribed 1. A tall non-descript species of scrophularia, with the leaves repeatedly cut and jagged into narrow sharp segments; the pannicle of flowers from one to two feet or more in length, with bracts, the lowermost of which are pinnatified, and the up permost ends nearly linear at the subdivisions; and the flowers alout as large as r

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