Jew and Gentile in the Ancient World: Attitudes and Interactions from Alexander to JustinianPrinceton University Press, 1993 - 679 من الصفحات Relations between Jews and non-Jews in the Hellenistic-Roman period were marked by suspicion and hate, maintain most studies of that topic. But if such conjectures are true, asks Louis Feldman, how did Jews succeed in winning so many adherents, whether full-fledged proselytes or "sympathizers" who adopted one or more Jewish practices? Systematically evaluating attitudes toward Jews from the time of Alexander the Great to the fifth century A.D., Feldman finds that Judaism elicited strongly positive and not merely unfavorable responses from the non-Jewish population. Jews were a vigorous presence in the ancient world, and Judaism was strengthened substantially by the development of the Talmud. Although Jews in the Diaspora were deeply Hellenized, those who remained in Israel were able to resist the cultural inroads of Hellenism and even to initiate intellectual counterattacks. |
المحتوى
Contacts between Jews and NonJews in the Land of Israel | 3 |
2 Literary Contacts between the Time of Alexander and the Maccabean Revolt | 6 |
3 Military Political and Economic Contacts between Greeks and Jews from the Time of Alexander to the Maccabean Revolt | 11 |
4 Linguistic Contacts between Greeks and Jews before the Maccabean Revolt | 14 |
5 Influence of Greek Ideas before the Maccabees | 16 |
6 Political Contacts between Greeks and Jews during the Hasmonean and Roman Periods | 18 |
The Alleged Influence of the Greek Language | 19 |
8 Hellenization in Lower vs Upper Galilee during the Hasmonean and Roman Periods | 24 |
7 Praise by Pagans of the Courage of the Jews | 220 |
8 Josephus on the Courage of Jewish Heroes | 222 |
9 Praise by Pagans of the Temperance of the Jews | 223 |
10 Josephus on the Temperance of Jewish Heroes | 225 |
11 Praise by NonJews of the Justice of the Jews | 226 |
12 Josephus on the Justice of Jewish Heroes | 227 |
13 Praise by Pagans of the Piety of the Jews | 230 |
14 Josephus on the Piety of Jewish Heroes | 231 |
Education and Literature | 25 |
10 Alleged Greek Influence on the Talmudic Rabbis in the First Five Centuries ce | 31 |
11Greek Influence on Jewish Art | 39 |
12 Summary | 42 |
The Strength of Judaism in the Diaspora | 45 |
2 Assimilation of the Jews to Greek Language and Thought | 51 |
3 Secular Education of Jews in the Diaspora | 57 |
4 Jews and Athletics | 59 |
5 Jews and the Theater | 61 |
6 The Organization of the Jewish Community | 63 |
7 Syncretism among the Jews | 65 |
8 The Strength of Judaism in Asia Minor | 69 |
Literalists and Allegorists | 74 |
10 Deviations from Jewish Law | 76 |
11 Intermarriage | 77 |
12 Apostasy | 79 |
Official AntiJewish Bigotry The Responses of Governments to the Jews | 84 |
2 Jews under Egyptian Ptolemies and Syrian Seleucids | 86 |
3 The Attitudes of the Roman Government toward the Jews | 92 |
4 The Reactions of the Jews to the Roman Government | 102 |
Popular Prejudice against Jews | 107 |
2 The Attack on the Jews in Alexandria in the Year 38 | 113 |
3 Attacks on the Jews in the Year 66 | 117 |
4 The Aftermath of the War of 6674 | 120 |
Prejudice against Jews among Ancient Intellectuals | 123 |
2 The Alleged Jewish Misanthropy | 125 |
3 Answers to Charges of Misanthropy in GraecoJewish Writers before Josephus | 131 |
4 Answers to Charges of Misanthropy in Josephuss Antiquities | 133 |
5 Answers to Charges of Misanthropy in Josephuss Against Apion | 142 |
6 Attacks on Jewish Theology | 149 |
7 The Attack on Jewish Circumcision | 153 |
8 The Attack on the Jewish Observance of the Sabbath | 158 |
9 The Attack on the Jewish Dietary Laws | 167 |
10 Contempt for the Jews Credulity | 170 |
11 Contempt for the Jews as Beggars | 171 |
12 Alleged Jewish Influence | 172 |
The Attractions of the Jews Their Antiquity | 177 |
2 Writers Mentioned by Josephus | 178 |
3 Other Classical References to the Antiquity of the Jews | 182 |
4 Tacituss Account of the Origin of the Britons and the Germans as Compared with the Origin on the Jews | 183 |
5 Tacituss Theories of the Origin of the Jews | 184 |
6 The Importance for Christianity of the Ancient Jewish Connection | 196 |
7 The Importance of the Antiquity of the Jews as Seen by Origen | 198 |
The Attractions of the Jew The Cardinal Virtues | 201 |
2 Later Greek and Roman writers on the Wisdom of the Jews | 204 |
3 Alleged GraecoJewish Historians before Josephus on the Wisdom of the Jews | 207 |
4 Philo on the Wisom of the Jews | 209 |
5 Josephus on the Wisdom of the Jews | 210 |
6 Second Third and FourthCentury Writers on the Wisdom of the Jews | 214 |
The Attractions of the Jews The Ideal Leader Moses | 233 |
2 The Virtues of Moses according to GraecoJewish Historians | 242 |
3 The Virtues of Moses according to Josephus | 243 |
4 Moses the Magician | 285 |
The Success of Proselytism by Jews in the Hellenistic and Early Roman Periods | 288 |
2 The Case for NonMissionary Activity | 290 |
3 The Demographic Evidence for Missionary Activity | 293 |
5 Evidence from Resentment against Proselytism | 298 |
6 Expulsions of Jews as Evidence of Missionary Activity | 300 |
7 The Means of Conversion | 305 |
8 Converts in the Land of Israel and in the Various Lands of the Diaspora | 324 |
9 Motives of Jews in Seeking Converts | 332 |
10 Reasons for the Success of the Proselyting Movement in the Hellenistic and Early Roman Periods | 334 |
11 Motives of Proselytes in the Hellenistic and Early Roman Periods | 335 |
12 The Status of Proselytes and the Attitude of Born Jews toward Them in the Hellenistic and Early Roman Periods | 338 |
The Success of Jews in Winning Sympathizers | 342 |
2 Circumstantial Evidence | 343 |
3 Pagan References | 344 |
4 Jewish References | 348 |
5 Christian References | 356 |
6 Epigraphical and Papyrological Evidence | 358 |
The Dramatic New Inscriptions and Their Implications | 362 |
8 Factors That Attracted NonJews to Judaism in the Third Century | 369 |
Proselytism by Jews in the Third Fourth and Fifth Centuries | 383 |
Roman Imperial Legislation | 385 |
Church Canons | 397 |
Church Fathers before John Chrysostom | 400 |
John Chrysostom and Subsequent Church Fathers | 405 |
Rabbinic Literature | 408 |
Inscriptions and Papyri | 411 |
8 Reasons for Jewish Success in Winning Converts | 412 |
9 The Decline of the Outreach Movement and Its Renewal | 413 |
Conclusion | 416 |
Abbreviations | 447 |
Notes | 461 |
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Indexes | 621 |
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