TINNEVELLY PICTURES.

EW of our readers will have forgotten the interesting Recollections contributed to the GLEANER in 1879 by the Rev. R. R. Meadows, under the title of "Our Home in the Wilderness." They will be glad to hear that we have some more of these Recollections in hand, which will appear shortly. Meanwhile we give engravings from two photographs sent us

by Mr. Meadows. Of the upper one he writes: "The building is our little hospital at Sachiapuram. The man on the right with his pocket case of instruments is the dresser, Selvanayagam Pakkianadhan, the brother of the Rev. David Pakkianadhan. The youth stooping down is applying the sponge, or otherwise preparing the place for some operation. The children and others are waiting to be doctored.

In my day we used to have some thirty patients daily. We assembled them together, read the Scripture, explained it, and had prayer, and then attended to their complaints. Our efforts

in this way gave us

entrance into places where we should otherwise have been excluded entirely."

Of the lower picture Mr. Meadows says:-"The woman on the right, grinding at the mill, is making keppei flour. The one next to her is preparing the curry powder. The woman standing up is pounding rice, i.e., separating the husk (bran) from the grain, and the other on the left is winnowing it for her. It ought to be known that the majority of the

population in North Tinnevelly and in many parts of India do not live on rice. They hardly taste it from one end of the year to the other. The grains they use are dry grains, that is, not grown in water, like rice, but depending upon the rain from heaven, or irrigation from wells. The grains in common use are kamba, &c., which the dictionary calls in all cases a kind of millet. These contain less of starch and more of nitrogenous principle, and are therefore more nourishing. Those who feed on these have more muscle. Rice is more respectable, as being used by the classes who have not to work, and is used at marriage feasts by all."

MISSIONARY ALMANACK.

The Texts for every day in this year's Almanack are chosen on the same general plan as last year. A word is chosen for each month, and all the texts in that month contain that word. But while six of the months, January, March, May, July, September, November, have different words, viz., “ First,” "Many," "Now," "Ever," One," "Before," the alternate six months have the same word throughout, "All."

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2 S 2nd aft. Chr. The first day of the week...came Jesus.

M. Is. 42. Mat. 1. 18. E. Is. 43 or 44. Ac. 1.

1 Ti. 5. 4.

go up from Ezra 7. 9. Jo. 20. 19.

3 M Learn first to show piety at home. 4T W. Smith killed at Ealing, 1875. The dead in Christ shall rise 5 W Repent, and do the first works. Rev. 2. 5. [first. 1 Th. 4. 16. 6 T Epiphany. To the Jew first, and also to the Gentile. Ro. 2. 10. M. Is. 60. Lu. 3. 15-23. E. Is. 49. 13-24. Jn. 2. 1-12.

7 F Which of us shall go up first to the battle? Judg. 20. 18. 8 S First the blade, then the ear, then the full corn. Mk. 4. 28. [together to break bread. Ac. 20.7. 98 1st aft. Epiph. The first day of the week, when the disciples came

M. Is. 51. Mat. 5. 83. E. Is. 52. 13. & 53, or 54. Ac. 5. 17.

...

10 M Jesus Christ the first begotten of the dead. Rev. 1. 5. [15. 20. 11 T Risen from the dead ... the first-fruits of them that slept. 1 Co. 12 W Christ the first-fruits; afterward they that are Christ's. 1 Co.15.23. 13 T H. Venn died, 1873. Blessed is he that hath part in the first re14 F He first findeth his own brother. Jo. 1. 41. [surrection. Rev. 20.6. 15 S 1st Arrian baptisms, 1852. First-fruits unto Christ. Ro. 16. 5. [hath prospered. 1 Cor. 16. 2. 16 S 2nd aft. Epiph. Upon the first day of the week...lay by...as God

M. Is. 55. Mat. 9. 18. E. 18. 57. or 61. Ac. 9. 23.

17 M The first shall be last, and the last first. Mat. 19. 30.

18 T First of all ... Christ died for our sins. I Co. 15. 3.

19 W First cast out the beam out of thine own eye. Mat. 7. 5.

M. Is. 62. Mat. 13. 24-53. E. Is. 65 or 66. Ac. 14.

...

20 T Tinnevelly Centenary, 1880. First a willing mind. 2 Co. 8. 12. 21 F Called Christians first in Antioch. Ac. 11. 26. [night. Jo. 19. 39. 22 S 1st C.M.S. Miss. in Japan, 1869. At the first, came to Jesus by [first, to bring thy sons from far. Isa. 60. 9. 23 S 3rd aft. Epiph.Henry Venn' launched, 1878. Ships of Tarshish 24 M The husbandman first partaker of the fruits. 2 Ti. 2. 6. 25 T Conv. St. Paul. That in me first Jesus Christ might show all long26 W First pure, then peaceable. Jas. 3. 17. [suffering. 1 Ti. 1. 16. 27 T Bp. Speechly arr. Cottayam, 1880. He first loved us. 1 Jo. 4. 19. 28 F Seek ye first the kingdom of God. Matt: 6. 33. 29 S Nyanza reached, 1877. The Gospel must first be published among all nations. Mk. 13. 10.] [Last. Rev. 1. 17. 30 S 4th aft. Epiph. J. Devasagayam d., 1864. I am the First and the M. Job 27. Mat. 16. 24. to 17. 14. E. Job 28 or 29. Ac. 18. 1-24.

31 M Islington College op., 1825. First gave their own selves to the [Lord. 2 Cor. 8. 5.

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.

T. H. T.-The names and dates of the Bishops of Sierra Leone are as follows :— Dr. Vidal, 1852-54; Dr. Weeks, 1854-57; Dr. Bowen, 1857-59; Dr. Beckles, 1860-69; Dr. Cheetham, 1870, still Bishop.

A. F.-The best books on Travancore, the Mission, and the Syrian Church, are Collins's Missionary Enterprise in the East (H. S. King & Co.), and Whitehouse's Lingerings of Light in a Dark Land (W. Brown & Co). A good deal of information in a condensed form will be found in the Gleaner of Oct., 1879; in the C.M. Intelligencer of Sept., 1879; and in the Church Missionary Atlas.

A YOUNG READER.-You will not find Uyui marked on any ordinary maps. It is in Unyamuezi, a little north-east of Unyanyembe or Kazeh, a place marked in all recent maps, and familiar to all readers of Stanley or Cameron's Travels, or our own publications. Uyui is now a C.M.S. station, occupied by the Rev. G. Litchfield and Mr. A. J. Copplestone. J. S.-Amritsar is now accepted as the correct spelling, not Umritsur; but both the first and last syllables are pronounced very short. You should not say "Am" as you say "I am," but as you say "amend" or "amidst." So sar is not like "far or "jar," but like the last syllable of “ ticular" or "regular."

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par

M. M.-Any back numbers or volumes of the Gleaner or Juvenile Instructor can be obtained at the Church Missionary House.

[*** We shall be happy to answer other questions, month by month, as far as we are able; but if received after the 10th of the month, they cannot be answered in the next number.]

EPITOME OF MISSIONARY NEWS.

It is proposed to build a mission steamer for East Africa, as a memorial to the late Rev. Henry Wright. £5,000 is required, towards which contributions are invited. The need of this steamer, and its peculiar appropriateness as a memorial to Mr. Wright, are explained on page 10.

On Nov. 30 h, St. Andrew's Day, Bishop Moule held his first ordination at St. Mary's, Islington. The Rev. F. Glanvill, who is to sail shortly to join the Tamil Cooly Mission in Ceylon, and the Rev. I. J. Taylor, who is going to Japan as agent of the Bible Society, received priests' orders. Both are C.M.S. Islington men who were ordained deacons by the Bishop of London on June 11th. The sermon was preached by the Bishop's brother, the Rev. H. C. G. Moule, Principal of Ridley Hall, Cambridge. The Archbishop of Canterbury has conferred the Lambeth degree of D.D. on the Rev. W. Mason, Vicar of Long Horsley, Northumberland, for his services as a missionary in North-West America, and particularly for his translation of the Bible into the Cree language. Mr. Mason went out in 1840, under the Wesleyan Missionary Society, but subsequently joined the C.M.S, and was ordained by the Bishop of Rupert's Land in 1854.

The Rev. T. K. Weatherhead, S.C.L., who was for many years a C.M.S. Missionary at Bombay, has been appointed for the present Director of the Missionaries' Children's Home, in succession to the Rev. J. Rooker.

The Rev. T. C. Wilson (brother of Mr. Wilson, of the Nyanza Mission), who was ordained in 1879, but kept back for want of funds, and who was designated last summer to East Africa, has now been appointed to the Yoruba Mission instead, and will be the additional missionary sent out in virtue of the special offerings from the late Rev. H. Wright's congregation at Hampstead, the congregation of St. Paul's, Onslow Square, and some friends of the late Rev. W. H. Barlow, referred to in our last.

The Rev. C. H. Merk, one of the Islington students ordained in June, but kept back for lack of funds, has been appointed to the Punjab Mission. He is a son of the late Rev. J. N. Merk, for many years C.M.S. Missionary at Kangra.

We regret to hear that Mrs. Crowther, wife of the Bishop, who had been long ill, died at Lagos on Oct. 19th. Adjai, afterwards Samuel Crowther, and Asano, afterwards Susanna Crowther, were children of the same tribe, kidnapped, rescued, and landed at Sierra Leone about the same time, and scholars at the same C.M.S. school. They were married in 1829, fifty-one years ago. Much sympathy will be felt for the Bishop by his many friends in England.

The Wagand Envoys, with the Rev. P. O'Flaherty and Mr. C. Stokes, left Mpwapwa for Uyui, en route for Uganda, on Oct. 21st. Some delay had occurred owing to the illness of Mr. O'Flaherty and the difficulty of obtaining porters.

Our Nyanza missionary, the Rev. G. Litchfield, now at Uyui, paid a visit in September to the capital of Mirambo, the powerful African chieftain, where the London Mis-ionary Society has a station, and heard of a new and safe road to the Victoria Nyanza through his dominions.

Bishop Crowther has visited Onitsha, the turbulent town on the Niger, which was destroyed by a British gunboat in October last year, as mentioned in the February GLEANER. He was well received by the chiefs and people, and made preliminary arrangements for the resumption of the Mission.

On August 11th, the Maharajah of Travancore, who has lately succeeded to the throne, visited Cottayam, the central C.M.S. station in his kingdom, and inspected the College, the Cambridge Nicholson Institution, the school of the venerable Mrs. Baker, sen., the Mission Press, &c., and received addresses from the English and Native clergy and the lay representatives of the Native Church. In his reply to one of these, his highness said, "Your labours have, year by year, been increasing the number of a loyal, law-abiding, and civilised population-the very foundation of good government." He is a Fellow of Madras University, and before his accession was well known in India for his attainments and enlightened views-though not a Christian. This is the first royal visit to Cottayam since 1836, when the late Rev. B. Bailey presented his Malayalam Dictionary to the then reigning Maharajah.

From the 24th Annual Report of the Syndicate of the Madras University it appears that out of 1,094 successful candidates in the Matriculation Examination, 80 were Native Christians; and out of 85 in the B.A. Examination, 11 were Native Christians. This is far in excess of their natural proportion relatively to their place in the population of South India. Of the intermediate F.A. Examination we have not particulars. The Brahmins supply the largest number of candidates and the Mohammedins the smallest. Oue Mohammedan who gained his B.A. degree is the third since the foundation of the University. Of the 85 who took the B.A., no less than 22 came from the Madras Christian College, two of whom were in the first class.

GLEANER EXAMINATION.-We hope to give an account of this competition, and its result, in our February number.

VOL. VIII.]

[NO. 86.

'THINGS CONCERNING THE KINGDOM OF GOD." BY THE REV. CANON RICHARDSON, M.A.

II. THE MISSIONARY SPIRIT.

HE missionary spirit is not the spirit of adventure, under which a man prompted by curiosity longs to see more of our large world. It is not the spirit of ambition, as when a man seeks to carry civilisation and higher knowledge among other nations, and thereby gain influence and importance for himself. No such purpose will bear the loneliness, and the weariness, and the disappointments which attach to missionary work and teaching. However brave it may seem at home, it is a coward spirit in the dark places of the earth, and in the danger periods when the presence of our spiritual enemy becomes little short of a sensible thing. The missionary spirit is love, a consecration of heart which follows a man and upholds a man in any and every field to which the providence of God may call him. And this love is a personal affection for the living Saviour. No man is fit to be a missionary who cannot say, "Lord, Thou knowest all things; Thou knowest that I love Thee." A man may say, "Lord, I believe ;" and if his speech represent his thought, the man is "alive unto God, through faith in our Lord Jesus Christ." But for active work, work in the fore-front of the host of God, work in the presence and within the entrenchments of the great enemy, there must be the warm, strong, felt consciousness of absorbing, unaltering love. The missionary spirit is love for the truth as it is in Jesus-a burning zeal rising out of a deep conviction that the Gospel of the grace of God is the truth and the very power of God. The true missionary binds the message of salvation to his heart, bears it openly as the standard he carries forward against every foe. He explains his position and his urgency on one plain principle, We cannot but speak the things which we have seen and heard." No man is fit to be a missionary who has not so made the truth of the Word of God his own, as to be able to say, "We have received, not the spirit of the world, but the spirit which is of God; that we might know the things that are freely given to us of God, which things also we speak."

The missionary spirit is love for the souls of men. No man is fit to be a missionary who has not an intense interest in the spiritual history of his fellow-creatures. His love must be such that many waters of drenching contempt, opposition, and densest ignorance cannot quench it. The missionary heart has felt the value of a man for whom Christ died, the capabilities of a man on whom the Holy Spirit acts, the sublime history of a man who is to sparkle as a jewel in the Redeemer's crown. Breathing in every effort, eloquent in every look, a fire within and a glow without, the missionary spirit is Love.

THE STARLESS CROWN.

BY THE LATE MRS. ROBERT CUST.

HAD been toiling hard all day; mind and body were weary, for my affairs required anxious thought, and necessitated no little bodily exertion; and now that the shades of night had silenced all the busy haunts of men, I longed for rest, and was soon calmly reposing in deep sleep.

It was thus, as I lay in the stillness of the night, that a wondrous vision came before me. So clearly did I see it all, and so vividly was the dream pictured to my brain, that I felt as if all sleep had fled, and that I was a living actor in the wondrous scenes. I heard a voice, clear as a silver bell, saying to me,

"Arise, and come." And at the same time there was a gentle hand laid lightly on my arm, and I felt myself floating in the air, carried up and up, through the clear blue atmosphere, towards those regions that lie beyond the region of man's sight. I glanced below me. The earth I had so lately quitted was but as a speck to my view, and I turned from the sight, feeling it was a thing already numbered with the past, and looked again upwards. What a flood of light came pouring down! Some glorious vision was near at hand, the radiance of which was already reaching me.

The hand of the invisible spirit, who still accompanied me, again touched me, and instantly I was robed in a garment of glittering whiteness, which I can only compare to the appearance of the sparkling new-fallen snow, when the rays of a bright December sun shine brightly on it. At this moment the flight was over, and I stood before a glorious city. I passed through gates of glistening pearl, and trod on a pavement of purest gold. No light of sun, or moon, or stars appeared, yet all was filled with one glorious flood of radiancy. Then I remembered those words, "The glory of the Lord is there, and the Lamb is the Light thereof." Heaven was open to my view, and I knew that I was entering into rest.

Sounds of the sweetest music floated on the air, bright angels were passing to and fro. Saints in white robes, with crowns on their heads, were there, gathered from every nation on earth; and some of those I had known and loved in life were numbered with those blessed ones. They sang of the glory of the Lamb, and shouted "Praise and victory!

But surpassing every other glory, for all was but the reflection of that one great Light, I saw the face of my Saviour, my beloved Redeemer, and as I gazed on Him in awe and reverencing love, He deigned to smile graciously on me, and I bowed my head in gratitude too deep for utterance, that at last, through the merit of His blood, I was permitted to enter into His Kingdom, and count all the trials of earth as passed and gone for ever.

But whilst I was still dwelling in thought on the exceeding great reward, He spoke, and in awe I listened.

"Where," He asked, in a grave, though loving tone, "is the bright diadem that should be on your forehead? I know that you believe on Me, and by your faith in Me, eternal life is given you; but look at yonder glorious company of apostles, saints, and martyrs, and see the host of stars that glitter in their crowns. For every soul they led to Me, I placed a jewel in their diadem, and you might have claimed the same reward, had you lived less to yourself, had you but sought to tell of My love to your fellowmen, and helped to lead some wandering feet into My way of peace. The light which I gave to you should have guided others whose faith was less strong, whose feet were more weary. Freely you had received, freely should you have given."

My eyes fell beneath that gently reproving glance, my spirit was overwhelmed with shame at the tenderly reproachful tone, and whilst I feared to lift my eyes, or speak, the vision passed of early dawn was throwing its dusky arrows on the floor. away. I was lying in my own chamber, and the faint glimmer

I rose, and fell on my knees, weeping tears of sorrow mingled Still could I tell to my fellow-men of the exceeding love of with joy. I had sinned, yet time was given for repentance. Christ. Still there was time to seek after a wandering soul, and show it what had been related to me. Still time to renounce the indulgent ease of living only to myself. Still time to treasure and make good those words written in the book of Daniel, "They that are wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament, and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for over and ever."

TO RELIGIONS.

ISSIONARY maps of the world, coloured according to religions, are very interesting, but very deceptive. We have an immense expanse of Protestantism in Australia and British America, where the area is large and the population thin, while the dense masses of heathenism in India and China look insignificant because their geographical area is comparatively small. These maps can only show extent of area, not density of population. A much truer idea of the reality is conveyed by the accompanying diagram, which contains exactly 1,424 squares, and represents the population of the world, each square standing for one million of souls. The figures are those prepared for the Church Missionary Atlas three years ago by the late Mr. Keith Johnston, the eminent geographer, who died last year in Africa.

This diagram is also published by the Society in bright colours, as a pattern for working it in wool or silk. It is called "A Plea for Missions," and is printed on a large square envelope, which contains six cards, each with the figures, &c., printed, but with the space for the diagram itself cut out in the centre, which is to be filled up by the wool work. The price of the envelope and cards is one shilling; and if the six cards, after being worked, are sold at 6d. each at missionary sales, there will be a profit of two shillings for the Society.

OCCASIONAL TALKS.

II.

About Slavery in East Africa. ["Editor" meets two friends this time, "Inquirer A," with whom the previous conversation took place, and Inquirer B."]

NQUIRER B.-Last night I was at a village missionary meeting, and the deputation had some diagrams about Africa, one of which represented some miserable negro slaves being driven down to the sea-shore, while the ship that was to carry them away lay in the offing. Is not such a picture rather out of date? Surely Wilberforce and Buxton put a stop to all that.

Editor.-Did the deputation speak about West Africa or East Africa?

Eng. B.-Well, I think he spoke of both; but I'm not very clear about it.

HEATHEN

856

get cargoes off. Only the other day, the boats of the British squadron on the coast caught a dhow and released ninety-five slaves.

Ing. B.-Caught a dhow ? what is that?

Inq. A.-Ah, if you had been with us the other day, you would have heard what a dhow is. Look in the January GLEANER, and you'll see all about it, and a picture too. It's a great Arab boat, an unwieldy tub of a thing. But really, it's a grand thing that so soon after poor Livingstone's death slavery should be nearly dead too. Ed.-No, no: not slavery, but the slave-trade. That's quite another matter.

Inq. B.-What's the difference ?

Ed.-You spoke just now of Wilberforce and Buxton. They are often

CREEKS PROTESTANTS

MILLIONS.

He mentioned Sierra Leone and Zanzibar, certainly.

Inq. A.-And which side of the Dark Continent are they, friend B. ? Are you clear about that? But anyhow, he could only have meant to refer to past times. There is no slave-trade on either coast now, is there, Mr. Editor? I have got from Mudie's a book just published, The Personal Life of David Livingstone, and the author says that what the great traveller called "the open sore of the world" has been put an end to since his death, even in East Africa.

Ed.-I am m glad you are reading that delightful book. Dr. Blaikie gives us a picture of the man as he really was. We all admired Livingstone before now we shall love him. But about the slave-trade. It is quite true that the Sultan of Zanzibar did agree to a treaty with England about it a few years ago, and did afterwards prohibit the export of slaves. And it is quite true that this has gone a long way to stop it. But the land

mentioned together, but their work was quite different. Wilberforce attacked the slave-trade. Thirty years later, Buxton attacked slavery, that is to say in the British dominions. We had slaves in the West Indies all that time, after the traffic on the African coast became illegal. And so now: the Sultan of Zanzibar has abolished the slave-trade, but the holding of slaves in his own dominions is quite lawful, and it is the prevailing custom.

Ing. A.-Well, who are the freed slaves we hear of at Frere Town?

Ed.-They are slaves rescued on the high seas by the British ships, and handed over to the Church Missionary Society by the Consul at Zanzibar, Dr. Kirk.

Inq. B.-Are they Christians?

Ed.-Of course they were heathen when they came, utterly ignorant and degraded; but they have been patiently taught and cared for, first by Mr. and Mrs. Price, then by Mr. and Mrs. Lamb, and now by Mr. and Mrs. Menzies and Mr. Streeter, and the children by Mr. Handford; and God has touched some of their hearts. Several have been baptized, and are now leading quiet Christian lives. Even the others are living in an industrious and comfortable way, with their own little huts and their own little shambas.

Ing. B.-Shambas-what are they? Ed.-Fields or plantations, on the produce of which they live.

Ing. B-You said that domestic slavery still prevailed in the country. Do any of the real slaves see these happy folk at Frere Town? One would think they would be jealous. Inq. A.-I don't see that. I daresay they're happy enough too in their way; and very likely they would rather be without the religious teaching.

Inq. B.-But suppose their masters treat them badly?

Ed.-Exactly so. Many are cruelly treated; and then they cast longing eyes at Frere Town, and at the other C.M.S. station, Kisulutini (or Rabai), where they can see in the evenings the freed slaves sitting with wives and children outside their huts with nothing to trouble them. We cannot wonder if some of the poor creatures run away and seek refuge at the Mission.

Inq. A.-How do they get in? Of course you can't keep them. Ed.-Remember that Frere Town is not a town with walls and gates, but an open village, and the high-road runs through it.

Ing. B.-But why should they not run away? And why should you not keep them? Surely they are free the moment they touch British soil.

Ed.-Ah, but it is not British soil, any more than your house in Paris would be, if you bought one there. And as the law of Zanzibar allows slavery, we can't help ourselves. But the missionaries have now and then protected some poor creatures who fled from downright cruelty, and bore the marks of it on their bodies. They could not bring themselves to turn these away, though strictly they ought to have done so.