3, 6. Of the sorts of substances.

4. No clear idea of substance

in general.

5. As clear an idea of spirit

as body.

7. Powers a great part of

our complex idea of sub-

stances.

S. And why.

9. Three sorts of ideas make

our complex ones of sub-

stances.

10. Powers make a great part

of our complex ideas of

substances.

11. The now secondary qua-

lities of bodies would dis-

appear, if we could disco-

ver the primary ones of

their minute parts.

12. Our faculties of discovery

suited to our state.

13. Conjecture about spirits.

14. Complex ideas of sub-

stances.

15. Idea of spiritual sub-

stances, as clear as of

bodily substances.

16. No. idea of abstract sub-

stance

17. The cohesion of solid

parts, and impulse, the

primary ideas of body.

18. Thinking and motivity

the primary ideas of spi-

rit.

19-21. Spirits capable of mo-

tion.

22. Idea of soul and body

compared.

23-27. Cohesion of solid parts in

body, as hard to be con-

ceived, as thinking in a
soul.

28, 29. Communication of motion

by impulse, or by thought,

equally intelligible.

30. Ideas of body and spirit

compared.

31. The notion of spirit in-
volves no more difficulty

in it than that of body.

32. We know nothing beyond

our simple ideas.

33-35. Idea of God.

36. No ideas in our complex

one of spirits, but those

got from sensation or re-
flection.

37. Recapitulation.

CHAP. XXIV.

Of collective ideas of substances.

SECT.

1. One idea.

1. Relation, what.

2. Relations, without corre-

lative terms, not easily

perceived.

3. Some seemingly absolute

terms contain relations.

4. Relation different from

the things related.

5. Change of relation may

be without any change

in the subject.

6. Relation only betwixt two

things.

7. All things capable of re-

lation.

8. The ideas of relation

clearer often, than of the

subjects related.

9. Relations all terminate in

simple ideas.

10. Terms leading the mind

beyond the subjects deno-

minated, are relative.

11. Conclusion.

CHAP. XXVII.

Of identity and diversity.

SECT.

1. Wherein identity con-

sists.

2. Identity of substances.

Identity of modes.

3. Principium individuatio-
nis.

4. Identity of vegetables.

5. Identity of animals.

6. Identity of man.

7. Identity suited to the

idea.

8. Same man.

SECT.

1. Proportional.

2. Natural.

3. Instituted.

4. Moral.

5. Moral good and evil.

6. Moral rules.

7. Laws.

8. Divine law, the measure

of sin and duty.

9. Civil law, the measure of

crimes and innocence.

10, 11. Philosophical law, the

measure of virtue and

vice.

12. Its inforcements, com-

mendation, and discredit.

13. These three laws the

rules of moral good and

evil.

14, 15. Morality is the relation of

actions to these rules.

16. The denominations of ac-

tions often mislead us.

17. Relations innumerable.

18. All relations terminate in

simple ideas.

19. We have ordinarily as

clear (or clearer) notions

of the relation, as of its

foundation.

20. The notion of the rela-

tion is the same, whether

the rule, any action is

compared to, be true or

false.

8-11. Ideas of substances, as

collections of their quali-
ties, are all inadequate.
12. Simple ideas ExтUTα, and
adequate.

13. Ideas of substances are
EXTUTα, and inadequate.
14. Ideas of modes and rela-
tions are archetypes, and
cannot but be adequate.

CHAP. XXXII.

Of true and false ideas.

SECT.

1. Truth and falsehood pro-

perly belongs to propo-

sitions.

2. Metaphysical truth con-

tains a tacit proposition.

3. No idea, as an appear-

ance in the mind, true

or false.

4. Ideas referred to any thing

may be true or false.

5. Other men's ideas, real

existence, and supposed

real essences, are what

men usually refer their

ideas to.

6-8. The cause of such re-

ferences.

9. Simple ideas may be false

in reference to others of

the same name, but are

least liable to be so.

10. Ideas of mixed modes

most liable to be false in

the sense.

11. Or at least to be thought

false.

12. And why.

13. As referred to real exist-

enscs, none of our ideas

can be false, but those of

substances.

14, 16. First, Simple ideas in

this sense not false, and

why.

2. To make them signs of

ideas.

3, 4. To make general signs.

5. Words ultimately derived

from such as signify sen-

sible ideas.

6. Distribution.

CHAP. II.

Of the signification of words.

SECT.

1. Words are sensible signs ne-
cessary for communica-
tion.
2, 3. Words are the sensible signs
of his ideas who uses
them.

4. Words often secretly refer-
red, First, to the ideas in
other men's minds.

5. Secondly, To the reality of

things.

6. Words by use readily excite
ideas.

7. Words often used without
signification.

8. Their signification perfect-
ly arbitrary.

SECT.

CHAP. III.

Of general terms.

1. The greatest part of words

general.

2. For every particular thing

to have a name, is impossi-

ble.

3, 4. And useless.

5. What things have proper

names.

6-8. How general words are

made.

9. General natures are nothing

but abstract ideas.

10. Why the genus is ordina-

rily made use of in defi-
nitions.

11. General and universal are
creatures of the under-
standing.

12. Abstract ideas are the es-
sences of the genera and
species.
13. They are the workmanship
of the understanding, but
have their foundation in
the similitude of things.
14. Each distinct abstract idea

is a distinct essence.

15. Real and nominal essence.

16. Constant connexion be-

tween the name and no-
minal essence.
17. Supposition, that species
are distinguished by their
real essences, useless.