him to go away. In a few nights the dose can be repeated, perhaps increased, until, in the language of the physicians, quantum suff. has been administered, to produce the desired operation, and the fellow becomes perfectly willing to move away. I have certainly heard, (if incorrectly, the gentleman from Southampton will put me right) that all the large cargo of emigrants, lately transported from that country to Liberia, all of whom professed to be willing to go, were rendered so by some such ministration as I have described. Indeed, sir, all of us look to FORCE of some kind or other, direct or indirect, moral or physical, legal or illegal.".

Another member, Mr. Fisher, in opposing the motion, said, "If we wait till the free negroes consent to leave the State, we shall wait until time is no more. They never will give their consent. He believed if the compulsory principle were stricken out, this class would be forced to leave by the harsh treatment of the whites."

The compulsory clause was stricken out, but we have the assurance of Mr. Brodnax, that they who objected to it at present, were ready to resort to force, whenever it should become necessary; and he tells us, that all look to force of some kind or other; and he might have added, “all of us look to the Colonization Society as the instrument by which the forcible expulsion of the free negroes is to be effected." Nor do they look in vain. At the very time that the negroes of Southampton were suffering the barbarities he describes, the managers of the Society addressed their auxiliaries, urging them to increased efforts in raising funds, and alluding to the excitement occasioned by the insurrection at Southampton, remarked, "the free people of color have awakened from their slumber, to a keen sense of their situation, and are ready in large numbers, to emigrate to the Colony of Liberia." Address, 17th Nov. 1831,

A large number of these miserable people did indeed consent to go to Africa, and the managers well knew how their consent was obtained. "I warned the managers against this Virginia business," said Mr. Breckenridge in his speech before the Society, "and yet they sent out two shiploads of vagabonds, not fit to go to such a place, and

that were coerced away as truly as if it had been done with a cartwhip."

Hear the confession of Mr. Gurley, the Secretary of the Society, on this subject-"Our friends at Norfolk appealed to us, and said the people were persecuted, and that it was a matter of humanity to take them. Our agent said they were driven from the county, and had appealed to him, and begged to go to Liberia." Speech before the Society.

Hear the testimony of Thomas C. Brown from Liberia, given in May, 1834. "I am acquainted with several from Southampton County, Virginia, who informed me that they received several hundred lashes from the patroles to make them willing to go. In one instance, a man was several times compelled to witness the lashes inflicted on his wife, and then to be severely flogged himself. In another instance, a family received information from their white neighbors, that unless they went to Liberia, they should be whipped. Having no means of redress, they were obliged to go.

Hear the New York Colonization Society, when addressing the public-"We say to them (the free blacks) we think you may improve your condition by going thither, but if you prefer remaining here, you will be protected and treated with kindness." Proceedings of New-York Col. Soc. 1831.

Hear the same Society, when addressing the Legislature—“ We do not ask that the provisions of our constitution and statute book should be so modified as to relieve and exalt the condition of the colored people while they remain with us. Let these provisions stand in ALL THEIR RIGOR, to work out the ultimate and unbounded good of this people." In plain English, to coerce their consent to go to Africa. Memorial to New York Legislature, 1832.

We have seen what are the Connecticut and Virginia plans for promoting Colonization-now for the Pennsylvania plan. At a public meeting held in the borough of Columbia, (Penn.) at the Town Hall, 23d August, 1834, the following, among other resolutions, were unanimously passed.

"Resolved, that we will not purchase any articles that can be procured elsewhere, or give our vote for any office

whatever, to any one who employs negroes to do that species of labor white men have been accustomed to perform. "Resolved, that the Colonization Society ought to be supported by all the citizens favorable to the removal of the blacks from this country."

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Here we find the support of the Society avowedly coupled with a most detestable plan of persecution. And now for the practical operation of this meeting of the friends of the "benevolent Colonization system." It appears from Columbia paper, that one or two nights after the meeting, a mob collected, and partly. tore down the dwelling of a black man; they then proceeded to the office of another black man, who had had the presumption to deal in lumber, a species of labor white men had been accustomed to perform," broke open the windows and door, rifled the desk, scattered the papers in the street, and attempted to overturn the building. Surely the Society may reasonably anticipate the consent of the blacks to emigrate, when in Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, such cogent arguments are used to obtain it. Were the Society governed, as it ought to be, by Christian principles, it would.shrink from encouraging persecution by accomplishing its object, the exportation of its victims. It would say explicitly to the authors of these atrocities," you shall gain nothing by your cruelty, through our instrumentality. We will not encourage your farther persecutions, by removing those whose consent you have obtained by such unjustifiable means; we will not, to please you,

Keep the word of promise to the ear,
And break it to the hope."

But alas, it has virtually given official notice that it will transport all-whose consent can be obtained, no matter by what barbarity. Hear the declaration of Mr. Gurley, the Secretary of the Society.

"Should they (free blacks) BE URGED BY ANY STRESS OF CIRCUMSTANCES to seek an asylum beyond the limits of the United States, humanity and religion will alike dictate that they should be assisted to remove and establish them selves in freedom and prosperity in the land of their <CHOICE."—Letter to gentlemen in New York.

True it is, the free blacks have been rendered by preju dice and persecution, an ignorant and degraded class; but they are still competent to appreciate the practical character of Colonization philanthropy.

The following resolutions, passed by a meeting of free blacks in New Bedford, in 1832, express the unanimous opinion of all their brethren who have intelligence to form, or courage to express an opinion on the subject.

"Resolved, that in whatever light we view the Colonization Society, we discover nothing in it but terror, prejudice, and oppression. The warm and beneficent hand of philanthropy is not apparent in the system, but the influence of the Society on public opinion is more prejudicial to the in terests and welfare of the people of color in the United States, than slavery itself.

"Resolved, that the Society, to effect its purpose, the removal of free people of color (not the slaves) through its agents, teaches the public to believe that it is patriotic and benevolent to withhold from us knowledge, and the means of acquiring subsistence; and to look upon us as unnatural and illegal residents in this country, and thus by the force of prejudice, if not by law, endeavor to compel us to embark for Africa, and that too apparently by our own free will and consent."

And now let us ask what purpose is to be answered by persecuting this people, and keeping them ignorant and degraded? Does any one believe that they will ever be removed from the country? They now amount to 362,000. In 16 years, 2,162 have been sent away, some at first voluntarily, but many of them through coercion. But can cruelty, be it ever so extreme, furnish the Society with funds and ships sufficient to transport such a multitude? They must, in spite of Connecticut and Virginia persecution, remain with us. And if they are to remain with us, what conduct towards them, do policy and religion prescribe? Conduct precisely opposite to that pursued by the Society. We must instruct and elevate them, if we would not be incumbered by an ignorant and depraved population; we must treat them with justice and kindness if we would avoid the displeasure of HIM who has declared, "Ye shall not oppress one another."

CHAPTER III.

INFLUENCE OF THE COLONIZATION SOCIETY ON AFRICASUPPRESSION OF THE SLAVE TRADE.

VERY many, who now despair of extirpating slavery by means of the Society, continue to support it, from a belief that it will confer rich blessings on Africa. These anticipated blessings are the suppression of the slave trade, and the diffusion of religion and civilization. Let us at present inquire, how far the first may reasonably be expected.

In the declarations of the Society, and its members on this subject, we shall find an astonishing medley of ignorance, rash assertion, and honest confession.

"Sierra Leone has repaid Africa with still greater blessings; her example, her influence and efforts, have given peace and security to the neighboring coast; and who can estimate the extent of misery prevented, and of happiness conferred, to a population delivered from all the horrors of the slave trade." Fifth Rep. p. 18.

"The line of coast from Sierra Leone to Cape Mount, is now under British protection; and from Cape Mount to Tradetown, a distance of one hundred and twenty miles, the slave trade cannot be prosecuted with the least hope of success." Af. Rep. II. p. 125-Editorial.

"Every colony of civilized inhabitants, established on that coast, and resolved to stop this trade to the extent of its means, will, at all events, put an end to it for a considerable distance. The colonies of Sierra Leone, and of Liberia, both produce this effect within their respective vicinities." Judge Blackford's Address to Indiana Colonization Society. Af. Rep. VI. p. 66.

Of these compliments to Sierra Leone, it must be observed, one is paid officially by the Board of Managers, and the other by the Editor of the Repository. We beg the reader to keep them in mind, as we shall hereafter inquire into their truth. We will now proceed to notice some assertions relative to the agency of the Liberia colony in suppressing the slave trade.