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statuette will picture to themselves the figure of the old man in his ordinary attitude; but perhaps they cannot fully picture to themselves the imposing effect of that Jupiter-head which, on this occasion, arrested an old peasant, and so absorbed him, that leaning his hands upon his rake, and resting his chin upon his hands, he gazed on the spectacle in forgetfulness so complete that he did not move out of the way, but stood gazing immoveable, while Kräuter had to step aside to pass.

It is usually said indeed that Goethe showed no signs of ago; but this is one of the exaggerations which the laxity of ordinary speech permits itself. His intellect preserved a wonderful clearness and activity, as we know; and indeed the man who wrote the essay on Cuvier and Geoffroy's discussion, and who completed tho Faust in his eighty-second year, may fairly claim a place among the Nestors for whom remains

Some work of noble note,

Not unbecoming men who strove with gods.

But the biographer is bound to record that in his intellect, as in his body, the old man showed unmistakably that he was old. His hearing became noticeably impaired; his memory of recent occurrences was extremely treacherous; yet his eyesight remained strong, and his appetite good. In the later years of his life he presented a striking contrast to the earlier years, in his preference for close rooms. The heated and impure atmosphere of an unventilated room was to him so agreeable that it was difficult to persuade him to have a window open for the purpose of ventilation. Always disliking the cold, and longing for warmth like a child of the south, he sat in rooms so heated that he was constantly taking cold. This did not prevent his enjoyment of the fresh air when he was in the country. The mountain air of Ilmenau, especially, seemed to give him health and enjoyment. It was to Ilmenau he went to escape from tho festivities preparing for his last birthday. He ascended the lovely heights of the Gickelhahn, and went into the wood hut where so many happy days had been spent with Karl August. There he saw on the wall those lines he had years before written in pencil,—

Ueber allen Gipfeln

Ist Ruh,

In allen Wipfeln

Spürest du

Kaum einen Hauch;

Die Vögelein schweigen im Walde.

Warte nur, balde

Ruhest du auch.

And wiping the tears from his eyes, tears which rose at the memory of Karl August, Charlotte von Stein, and his own happy youth, he repeated the last line, "Ja, warte nur, balde ruhest du auch—Yes, wait but a little, thou too soon wilt be at rest."

That rest was nearer than any one expected. On the 16th of March following, his grandson, Wolfgang, coming into his room as usual to breakfast with him, found him still in bed. The day before,. in passing from his heated room across the garden, he had taken cold. The physician on arriving, found him very feverish, with what is known in Weimar as the "nervous fever", which acts almost like a pestilence. With the aid of remedies, however, he rallied towards evening, and became talkative and jocose. On the 17th he was so much better that he dictated a long letter to W. von Humboldt. All thought of danger ceased. But during the night of the 19th, having gone off into a soft sleep, he awoke about midnight with hands and feet icy cold, and fierce pain and oppression of the chest. He would not have the physician disturbed, however, for he said there was no danger, only pain. But when the physician came in the morning, he found that a fearful change had taken place. His teeth chattered with the cold. The pain in his chest made him groan, and sometimes call out aloud. He could not rest in one place, but tossed about in bed, seeking in vain a more endurable position. His face was ashen grey; the eyes, deep sunk in the sockets, were dull, and the glance was that of one conscious of the presence of death. After a time these fearful symptoms were allayed, and he was removed from his bed into the easy chair, which stood at his bedside. There, towards evening, he was once more restored to perfect calmness, and spoke with clearness and interest of ordinary matters; especially pleased he was to hear that his appeal for a young artist, a protégé, had been successful; and with a trembling hand, he signed an official paper which secured a pension to another artist, a young Weimar lady, for whom he had interested himself.

On the following day, the approach of death was evident. The painful symptoms were gone. But his senses began to fail him, and he had moments of unconsciousness. He sat quiet in the chair, spoke kindly to those around him, and made his servant bring Salvandy's Seize Mois, ou la Révolution et les Révolutionnaires, which he had been reading when he fell ill; but after turning over the leaves, he laid it down, feeling himself too ill to read. He bade them bring him the list of all the persons who had called to inquire after his health, and remarked that such evidence of sympathy must

not be forgotten when he recovered. He sent every one to bed that night, except his copyist. He would not even allow his old servant to sit up with him, but insisted on his lying down to get the rest so much needed.

The following morning—it was the 22nd March 1832—he tried to walk a little up and down the room, but, after a turn, he found himself too feeble to continue. Reseating himself in the easy chair, he chatted cheerfully with Ottilie on the approaching Spring, which would be sure to restore him. He had no idea of his end being so

near.

The name of Ottilie was frequently on his lips. She sat beside him, holding his hand in both of hers. It was now observed that his thoughts began to wander incoherently. "See," he exclaimed, "the lovely woman's head—with black curls—in splendid colours— a dark background!" Presently he saw a piece of paper on the floor, and asked them how they could leave Schiller's letters so carelessly lying about. Then he slept softly, and on awakening, asked for the sketches he had just seen. These were the sketches seen in a dream. In silent anguish the close now so surely approaching was awaited. His speech was becoming less and less distinct. The last words audible were: More light! The final darkness grew apace, and he whose eternal longings had been for more Light, gave a parting cry for it, as he was passing under the shadow of death.

He continued to express himself by signs, drawing letters with his forefinger in the air, while he had strength, and finally, as life ebbed, drawing figures slowly on the shawl which covered his legs. At half-past twelve he composed himself in the corner of the chair. The watcher placed a finger on her lip to intimate that he was asleep. If sleep it was, it was a sleep in which a great life glided from the world.

FINIS.

INDEX.

ESCHYLUS, his Prometheus compared
with the fragment of Goethe's Pro-
metheus, 175

Age, old, relative character of, 522; vi-
tality of Goethe's, 535

Ahasuerus the shoemaker, legend of, 173
Alchemy, Goethe's studies in, 63, 66, 196;

valuable as preparations for Faust, 64
Amalia, the Dowager Duchess, her cha-
racter, 202; her death, 494

Amor der Schalk, one of the Roman
Elegies, 319

Analysis of Clavigo, 162; of the Iphi-
genia, 265; of Egmont, 303; of Wil-
helm Meister, 396; of Hermann und
Dorothea, 409; of Faust, 449; of Cal-
deron's El Magico Prodigioso, 471; of
the Bride of Corinth, 481; of Wahl-
verwandtschaften, 505; of the second
part of Faust, 544
Anatomy, Goethe's discovery of the in-
termaxillary bone, 286, 342; the com-
parative method which led to the dis-
covery, 344; first principles of mor-
phology, 347; the notion of metamor-
phoses replaced by the notion of
differentiation, 347; Goethe's efforts
to create the science of philosophic
anatomy, 354; his Introduction to com-
parative anatomy, 356; Goethe's claim
to the discovery of the vertebral theory
discussed, 360; intemperate and equi-
vocal character of Oken's accusation,
362; Goethe the originator of the
vertebral theory, but Oken the dis-
coverer, 364

Annchen. See Schönkopf

Apolda, effect on Goethe of the famine

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Aristotle, real or objective character of
his philosophy as opposed to the ideal
or subjective philosophy of Plato, 51, 52
Art, Goethe's studies in, 127; Christian
and Greek compared, 154; necessity
for the co-operation of a nation with
individual genius, 200; its effect upon
a nation, 201; universal appreciation
of art in Greece and Rome, ib.; dif-
ference between ancient and modern
art, 273; objective tendency in ancient
art recognised by Goethe, 299; Goethe's
earnestness in art, 383, 402, 513, 515;
style of German criticism on, 393;
examination of the charge that Goethe
"looked on life as an artist," 515; his
enthusiasm for Greek art, 525
Artern, town of, 3
Atheism, artistic, in Wilhelm Meister, 398
Athens, cooperation of the nation with
individual genius, 200
Aufgeregten, Goethe's comedy, 378
Augereau, Marshal, quartered in Goethe's
house at Weimar, 487

Authors, instance of what the public
requires from them, 131

BACH, family, annual meeting of, at the
Wartburg, 192

Basedow, the educational reformer, his
character, 167; his acquaintance with
Goethe, ib.; his wild and genius-like
demeanour, 168

Bathing, Goethe's fondness for, 228
Bayle's criticism on Bruno, Goethe's
notes on, 70

Beaumarchais, mémoire of, turned by

Goethe into the play of Clavigo, 162
Beethoven, his ostentatious independence
compared with Goethe's supposed ser-
vility, 502; his acquaintance with
Goethe, 512; indignant at Goethe's
supposed neglect, ib.

Behrisch, his pranks and extravagances
with Goethe, 49

Beiträge zur Optik, publication of, 332

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