THE LATIN GAMES Game of the Latin Noun, new; may be played by all grades including beginners. Price, 50 cents. Verb Games, a series of five games, each 29c.; 1 and 2, on principal parts; 3 and 4, on verb forms; No. 5, on verb terminations. Game of Latin Authors. Price, $1.04. These games always please and profit; are highly recommended by teachers and pupils. Any or all sent postpaid on receipt of price. Stamps accepted. THE LATIN GAME CO., Appleton, Wis. A NEW PRODUCT Breasted's Ancient History Wall Maps Write for Further Particulars DENOYER-GEPPERT CO. School Map Publishers THE CLASSICAL WEEKLY is published by The Classical Association of the Atlantic States, weekly, on Mondays from October I to May 31 inclusive, except in weeks in which there is a legal or School holiday, at Barnard College, Broadway and 120th St., New York City. 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Adopted for general class-room use by teachers in hundreds of Secondary Schools in all States of the Union. No higher recommendation for any School book has ever been offered than this: thatexclusive of the general adoptions-hundreds of pupils all over the United States have judged it of such practical value that they have purchased copies on their own responsibility to facilitate their work. Price, per set, bound in heavy, tough, manila cover, postpaid, 40c. JOHN C. GREEN, Jr. 8 East 34th Street, NEW YORK HAP Critical, 1887. Part ii: Constructive, 1889. Price One Fifty I. The CUM Constructions: their history and functions, by William Gardner Hale. Parti: (Out of Print.) II. Analogy and the Scope of its Application in Language, by Benjamin Ide Wheeler, 1887. (Out of Print.) III. The Cult of Asklepios, by Alice Walton, 1894. (Price 80 cts.) IV. The Development of the Athenian Constitution, by George Willis Botsford, 1893. (Price $1.50.) V. 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"ECONOMICAL AND CONVENIENT" Teachers and pupils find it a great advantage to use a book EVERYTHING NEEDED IS FOUND IN RIESS AND JANES'S CAESAR WITH SIGHT READING Edited by ERNST RIESS, Head of Department of Classics, and ARTHUR L. JANES, Instructor in Latin, Boys' High School, Brooklyn, N. Y. In this one volume is included all the material for intensive study of Books I and 2 of the Gallic War; all the necessary sight reading; all the grammar needed in second year work; all the prose composition required in second year work; all necessary pedagogical helps. Entered as second-class matter November 18, 1907, at the Post Office, New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 1, 1879 VOL. XI NEW YORK, JANUARY 21, 1918 NOTES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF For teachers of the Classics who wish to know as much as possible about the daily life and thought of the ancient Greeks and Romans, for those who are not content to be mere hack teachers of certain portions of Caesar, Cicero, and Vergil, but insist upon their right to enter to the fullest extent into those ancient civilizations in order better to appreciate the extant literature of those peoples, there are few fields of study more attractive or more broadening than the investigation of Roman folklore and religion. It may be argued that such studies belong primarily to the anthropologist, or more particularly to the sophiologist; still, it must be admitted that the classical student is in closer touch with this material than is the sophiologist, and may at times furnish valuable suggestions to the latter. Now, nearly everybody who writes upon anthropological subjects these days takes his text from Professor J. G. Frazer's wonderfully stimulating work, The Golden Bough, and then proceeds to strengthen or to pull down the theories advanced in that work. I, too, shall take my text from Frazer, and see what can be made of it. In The Golden Bough 1.1.233 ff. the author maintains that in the development of a given people magic always precedes religion, and suggests that an intermediate step in the change from magic to religion may be represented by the very widely attested fact that the early gods of a people are often themselves adepts in magic (1.1.240 ff.). Strangely enough, Professor Frazer, who usually quotes quite freely from the Classics, does not at this point seem to realize what valuable corroborative evidence for his contention might be drawn from those sources. It is the purpose of my paper to point out some instances of the Roman gods as workers of magic, and so representing the stage of transition from magic to religion among the Romans; and then to discuss another transitional phase in this development, namely the deification of disease. No. 13 the universe". According to Frazer's view, then, the development of any people from a general belief in magic to a general belief in religion is a development from the belief in personal, direct, human control of nature by preternatural means to the belief in the indirect control of those same forces through prayer and the placation of deities, with whom man seeks to get into proper relations. It is, on the side of oral expression, a development from spell or incantation to prayer and supplication. Considered from the mental attitude of the practitioner, it is a development from the spirit of command to the spirit of supplication. That early Roman tradition shows a midway phase of this development from magic to religion, from spell to prayer, will not, I believe, be difficult to prove. In Ovid, Metamorphoses 9.297-315, Alcmena tells how Juno for a time prevented the birth of Hercules (the reader will pardon, I trust, a maiden effort to render the original hexameters): 'And when she heard my groans, she sat down straight on the altar Which is in front of the door, and crossing the right o'er the left knee, Locking her fingers the while as the teeth of a comb are arranged, Hindered the birth of the child. And then with word that was secret Uttered her charms, and her charms stopped short the birth of the infant. Before proceeding farther it might be well to define what I understand by the terms 'magic' and 'religion'. For the former I may quote a well known encyclopedia to the effect that "Magic is the art, or pretended art, of controlling occult forces, and of producing effects contrary to the known order of nature". Religion, on the other hand, may be defined as "the effective desire to be in right relation to the Power manifesting itself in Hearing this, down from her seat she leaped, and in her vexation Loosed her entwinèd fingers, the powerful goddess of childbirth. Then were the bonds unloosed, and released was I from her magic'. |