Early AstronomySpringer Science & Business Media, 1994 - 268 من الصفحات The earliest investigations that can be called scientific are concerned with the sky; they are the beginnings of astronomy. Many early civilizations produced astronomical texts, and several cultures that left no written records left monuments and artifacts - ranging from rock paintings to Stonehenge - that show a clear interest in astronomy. Civilizations in China, Mesopotamia, India, and Greece had highly developed astronomies, and the astronomy of the Mayas was by no means negligible. Greek astronomy, as developed by medieval Arab philosophers, evolved into the astronomy of Copernicus. This displaced the Earth from the stationary central position that almost all earlier astronomies had assumed. Soon thereafter, in the first decades of the seventeenth century, Kepler found the true shape of the planetary orbits and Galileo introduced the telescope for astronomical observations. This book covers the history of astronomy from its earliest beginnings to this point, which marks the beginning of modern instrumental and mathematical astronomy. The work of earlier astronomers, of all civilizations, remains as a triumph of the human intellect. |
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المحتوى
II | 1 |
III | 2 |
IV | 4 |
V | 7 |
VI | 8 |
VII | 9 |
VIII | 11 |
IX | 12 |
LXI | 121 |
LXII | 122 |
LXIII | 123 |
LXIV | 125 |
LXV | 127 |
LXVI | 128 |
LXVIII | 131 |
LXIX | 135 |
X | 13 |
XI | 15 |
XII | 17 |
XIV | 19 |
XV | 20 |
XVI | 21 |
XVII | 23 |
XVIII | 24 |
XIX | 25 |
XX | 26 |
XXI | 32 |
XXII | 35 |
XXIII | 41 |
XXIV | 45 |
XXV | 55 |
XXVI | 64 |
XXVII | 66 |
XXVIII | 68 |
XXIX | 69 |
XXX | 71 |
XXXII | 74 |
XXXIII | 75 |
XXXIV | 78 |
XXXVI | 79 |
XXXVII | 82 |
XXXVIII | 84 |
XXXIX | 86 |
XL | 87 |
XLII | 90 |
XLIV | 91 |
XLV | 92 |
XLVI | 93 |
XLVII | 96 |
XLIX | 97 |
L | 101 |
LI | 105 |
LIII | 106 |
LIV | 109 |
LV | 110 |
LVI | 111 |
LVII | 112 |
LIX | 117 |
LX | 118 |
LXXI | 138 |
LXXII | 140 |
LXXIII | 143 |
LXXIV | 147 |
LXXV | 149 |
LXXVII | 150 |
LXXVIII | 155 |
LXXIX | 159 |
LXXX | 163 |
LXXXI | 166 |
LXXXII | 169 |
LXXXIII | 170 |
LXXXVI | 171 |
LXXXVIII | 178 |
LXXXIX | 180 |
XC | 181 |
XCII | 187 |
XCIII | 188 |
XCIV | 190 |
XCV | 196 |
XCVI | 198 |
XCVII | 199 |
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XCIX | 202 |
C | 205 |
CI | 210 |
CII | 217 |
CIII | 220 |
CIV | 222 |
CV | 225 |
CVI | 227 |
CVII | 230 |
CVIII | 232 |
CIX | 235 |
CX | 237 |
CXI | 239 |
CXII | 240 |
CXIII | 244 |
CXIV | 246 |
CXV | 249 |
CXVI | 252 |
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طبعات أخرى - عرض جميع المقتطفات
عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
accurate alignments Almagest almanac angle anomalistic period apogee astronomy axis azimuth Babylonian Brahe calculate calendar called celestial pole celestial sphere Chapter Chinese chords circle constellations Copernicus correct cycle declination diameter direction distance earth eccentric-quotient ecliptic Egyptian epicycle equal equant equator equinox Euctemon Eudoxus fact Figure full moon give Greek Griffith Observatory Guo Shoujing heliacal rising Hipparchus Hipparchus's horizon interval Jupiter Kepler later latitude length longitude manda Mars mathematical Maya mean sun measured Megalithic Mercury meters midsummer midwinter modern months moon moonrise motion moves round nodes observations opposite Otto Neugebauer parallax planet position precession Ptolemy Ptolemy's radius result retrogression revolution rotation round the ecliptic saros Saturn shadow sidereal period southernmost stades stars stone Stonehenge summer solstice sunrise sunset synodic period tablets theory velocity Venus vertical visible volume whole number winter solstice Yuan dynasty Yuan shi zodiac