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body, and those outward conveniencies, that I, as an apostle sent to preach the Gospel, might claim and make use of: wonder not that I prefer the propagating of the Gospel, and making of converts, to all care and regard of myself. This seems the design of the apostle, and will give light to the following discourse, which we shall now take in the order St. Paul writ it.

TEXT.

I Am I not an apostle? Am I not free? Have I not seen Jesus Christ, our Lord? Are not you my work in the Lord?

2 If I be not an apostle unto others, yet doubtless I am to you: for

the seal of mine apostleship are ye in the Lord.

3 Mine answer to them that do examine me is this:

4 Have we not power to eat and to drink?

5 Have we not power to lead about a sister, a wife, as well as other

apostles, and as the brethren of the Lord, and Cephas?

6 Or I only, and Barnabas, have not we power to forbear working? 7 Who goeth a warfare any time at his own charges? Who planteth a vineyard, and eateth not of the fruit thereof? Or who feedeth the flock, and eateth not of the milk of the flock?

PARAPHRASE.

1 Am I not an apostle ? And am I not at liberty, as much as any other of the apostles, to make use of the privilege due to that office? Have I not had the favour to see Jesus Christ, our Lord, after an extraordinary manner? And are not you yourselves, whom I have converted, an evidence of the 2 success of my employment in the Gospel? If others should question my being an apostle, you at least cannot doubt of it: your conversion to Christianity is, as it were, a seal set to it, 3 to make good the truth of my apostleship. This, then, is my 4 answer to those who set up an inquisition upon me: Have 5 not I a right to meat and drink where I preach? Have not I and Barnabas a power to take along with us, in our travelling to propagate the Gospel, a Christian woman, to provide our conveniences, and be serviceable to us, as well as Peter and 6 the brethren of the Lord, and the rest of the apostles? Or is it I only, and Barnabas, who are excluded from the privilege 7 of being maintained without working? Who goes to the war

NOTES.

1. It was a law amongst the Jews not to receive alms from the Gentiles. 5 There were not in those parts, as among us, inns, where travellers might have their conveniences; and strangers could not be accommodated with necessaries, unless they had somebody with them to take that care, and provide for them. They, who would make it their business to preach, and neglect this, must needs suffer great hardships.

TEXT.

8 Say I these things as a man? Or saith not the law the same also ? 9 For it is written in the law of Moses, "Thou shalt not muzzle the mouth of the ox that treadeth out the corn." Doth God take care for oxen?

10 Or saith he it altogether for our sakes? For our sakes, no doubt, this is written: that he that plougheth should plough in hope; and that he that thresheth in hope should be partaker of his hope.

11 If we have sown unto you spiritual things, is it a great thing if we shall reap your carnal things?

12 If others be partakers of this power over you, are not we rather ? Nevertheless, we have not used this power, but suffer all things, lest we should hinder the Gospel of Christ.

13 Do ye not know, that they which minister about holy things, live And they which wait at the altar,

of the things of the temple? are partakers with the altar ?

PARAPHRASE.

any where, and serves as a soldier, at his own charges? Who planteth a vineyard, and eateth not of the fruit thereof? Who 8 feedeth a flock, and eateth not of the milk? This is allowed to be reason, that those who are so employed should be maintained by their employments; and so likewise a preacher of the Gospel. But I say not this barely upon the principles of human reason; revelation teaches the same thing in the 9 law of Moses: Where it is said, "Thou shalt muzzle not the mouth of the ox that treadeth out the corn." Doth God 10 take care to provide so particularly for oxen by a law? No, certainly; it is said particularly for our sakes, and not for oxen: that he who sows may sow in hope of enjoying the fruits of his labour at harvest, and may then thrash out, and 11 eat the corn he hoped for. If we have sowed to you spiritual things, in preaching the Gospel to you, is it unreasonable that we should expect a little meat and drink from you, a little 12 share of your carnal things? If any partake of this power over you, why not we much rather? But I made no use of it, but bear with any thing, that I may avoid all hinderance 13 to the progress of the Gospel. Do ye not know that they, who in the temple serve about holy things, live upon those

NOTE.

12 • For τῆς ἐξουσίας, I should incline to read, τῆς οὐσίας, if there be, as Vossius says, any Mss. to authorise it; and then the words will run thus: "If any partake of your substance." This better suits the foregoing words, and needs not the addition of the word, this, to be inserted in the translation, which, with difficulty enough, makes it refer to a power which he was not here speaking of, but stands eight verses off: besides, in these words, St. Paul seems to glance at what they suffered from the false apostle, who did not only pretend to power of maintenance, but did actually devour them: vid. 2 Cor. xi. 20.

TEXT.

14 Even so hath the Lord ordained, that they which preach the Gospel

should live of the Gospel.

15 But I have used none of these things: neither have I written these things that it should be so done unto me. For it were better for me to die, than that any man should make my glorying void. 16 For though I preach the Gospel, I have nothing to glory of; for necessity is laid upon me; yea, woe is unto me if I preach not the Gospel.

17 For if I do this thing willingly, I have a reward; but if against my will, a dispensation of the Gospel is committed unto me.

18 What is my reward then? Verily, that when I preach the Gospel, I may make the Gospel of Christ without charge, that I abuse not my power in the Gospel.

19 For though I be free from all men, yet have I made myself servant unto all, that I might gain the more.

20 And unto the Jews I became as a Jew, that I might gain the Jews; to them that are under the law, as under the law, that I might gain them that are under the law;

21 To them that are without law, as without law, (being not without law to God, but under the law to Christ) that I might gain them that are without law.

PARAPHRASE.

holy things? and they, who wait at the altar, are partakers 14 with the altar? So has the Lord ordained, that they, who 15 preach the Gospel, should live of the Gospel. But though,

as an apostle and preacher of the Gospel, I have, as you see, a right to maintenance, yet I have not taken it: neither have I written this to demand it. For I had rather perish for want than be deprived of what I glory in, viz. preaching the Gospel 16 freely. For if I preach the Gospel, I do barely my duty, but have nothing to glory in: for I am under an obligation and command to preachd; and woe be to me if I preach not the 17 Gospel. Which, if I do willingly, I shall have a reward: if unwillingly, the dispensation is nevertheless intrusted to me, 18 and ye ought to hear me as an apostle. How, therefore, do I make it turn to account to myself? Even thus; if I preach the Gospel of Christ of free cost, so that I exact not the 19 maintenance I have a right to by the Gospel. For being under no obligation to any man, I yet subject myself to every one, to the end that I may make the more converts to Christ. 20 To the Jews, and those under the law of Moses, I became as a Jew, and one under that law, that I might gain the Jews, 21 and those under the law; To those without the law of Moses,

NOTE.

16 Vid. Acts xxii. 15-21.

TEXT.

22 To the weak became I as weak, that I might gain the weak: I am made all things to all men, that I might by all means save some. 23 And this I do for the Gospel's sake, that I might be partaker thereof with you.

24 Know ye not that they which run in a race run all, but one receiveth

the prize? So run, that ye may obtain.

25 And every man that striveth for the mastery is temperate in all things: now they do it to obtain a corruptible crown, but we an incorruptible.

26 I therefore so run, not as uncertainly: so fight I, not as one that beateth the air.

27 But I keep under my body, and bring it into subjection; lest that by any means, when I have preached to others, I myself should be a castaway.

PARAPHRASE.

I applied myself, as one not under that law, (not, indeed, as if I were under no law to God, but as obeying and following the law of Christ) that I might gain those who were with22 out the law. To the weak I became as weak, that I might gain the weak: I became all things to all men, that I might leave no lawful thing untried, whereby I might save people 23 of all sorts. And this I do for the Gospel's sake, that I my24 self may share in the benefits of the Gospel. Know ye not that they who run a race, run not lazily, but with their utmost force? They all endeavour to be first, because there is but one that gets the prize. It is not enough for you to run, but so to run that ye may obtain: which they cannot do, who running only, because they are bid, do not run with all their

25 might. They, who propose to themselves the getting the garland in your games, readily submit themselves to severe rules of exercise and abstinence: and yet theirs is but a fading, transitory crown; that, which we propose to ourselves, is everlasting, and therefore deserves that we should endure greater 26 hardships for it. I therefore so run as not to leave it to uncertainty. I do what I do, not as one who fences for exercise 27 or ostentation; But I really and in earnest keep under my body, and entirely enslave it to the service of the Gospel, without allowing any thing to the exigencies of this animal life, which may be the least hinderance to the propagation of the Gospel; lest that I, who preach to bring others into the kingdom of Heaven, should be disapproved of, and rejected myself.

SECTION VI. NO. 1.

CHAPTER X. 1-22.

CONTENTS.

İr seems, by what he here says, as if the Corinthians had told St. Paul, that the temptations and constraints they were under, of going to their heathen neighbours' feasts upon their sacrifices, were so many and so great, that there was no avoiding it; and, therefore, they thought they might go to them without any offence to God, or danger to themselves, since they were the people of God, purged from sin by baptism, and fenced against it, by partaking of the body and blood of Christ in the Lord's supper. To which St. Paul answers, that, notwithstanding their baptism and partaking of that spiritual meat and drink, yet they, as well as the Jews of old did, might sin, and draw on themselves destruction from the hand of God: that eating of things that were known, and owned, to be offered to idols, was partaking in the idolatrous worship; and, therefore, they were to prefer even the danger of persecution before such a compliance; for God would find a way for them to escape.

TEXT.

1 Moreover, brethren, I would not that ye should be ignorant how that all our fathers were under the cloud, and all passed through the sea;

2 And were all baptized, unto Moses, in the cloud, and in the sea

PARAPHRASE.

1 I would not have you ignorant, brethren, that all our fathers, the whole congregation of the children of Israel, at their coming out of Egypt, were, all to a man, under the cloud, and 2 all passed through the sea; And were all, by this baptisma, in the cloud, and passing through the water, initiated into the Mosaical institution and government, by these two miracles of

NOTE.

2. The apostle calls it baptism, which is the initiating ceremony into both the Jewish and Christian church: and the cloud and the sea, both being nothing but water, are well suited to that typical representation; and that the children of Israel were washed with rain from the cloud, may be collected from Psal. lxviii. 9.

VOL. VIII.

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