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Macedonia. And there accompanied him into Afia Sopator, of Berea... Thefe going before, tarried for us at Troas. And we failed away from Philippi. and came unto them at Troas in five days, where we abode feven days. So that Luke accompanied Paul, at that time, from Greece through Macedonia to Philippi, and alfo went with him from thence to Troas.

And it appears from the fequel of the hiftorie in the Acts, that Luke was one of thofe, who accompanied the Apostle to Jerufalem, and staid with him there. And when the Apoftle was fent a prifoner from Cefarea to Rome, he was in the fame ship with him, and staid with him at Rome during the whole time of his two years imprisonment there, with which the hiftorie of the Acts concludes.

From St. Paul's epiftles writ at Rome, in the time of that confinement, we have proofs of Luke's being with him. He is mentioned as with the Apoftle. 2 Tim. iv. 11. an epiftle writ, as I fuppofe, in the fummer, after the Apoftle's arrival there. In Philem. ver. 24. he is one of thofe, who send falutations to Philemon, and is mentioned by the Apoftle, as one of his fellow-laborers. And, if Luke the beloved Phyfician, mentioned Col. iv. 14. be the Evangelift, that is another proof of his being then with the Apostle.

St. Luke is alfo fuppofed by fome to be the brother, whofe praife is in the Gospel throughout all the churches. 2 Cor. viii. 18. But that is not

certain.

As I think, that all St. Paul's epiftles, which we have, were writ, before he left Rome and Italie, when he had been sent thither by Feftus; I must be of opinion, that the New Teftament affords us not any materials for the historie of St. Luke, lower than his own book of the Acts, which brings us down to the end of that period. From anci- II. I now therefore proceed without farther delay, to obent authors. ferve what light may be obtained from ancient Chriftian writers. And as St. Luke's two books, his Gospel and the Acts, were all along univerfally received; I intend here, for avoiding prolixity, to allege, chiefly, fuch paffages only, as contain fomething, relating to the hiftorie and character of St. Luke, or the time of writing his two abovenamed works.

Irenæus, as before quoted: "And (a) Luke, the companion of Paul, "put down in a book the Gospel preached by him." And the coherence feems to imply, that this was done after the writing of St. Mark's Gofpel, and after the death of Peter and Paul. In a paffage formerly cited (b) at length, Irenæus fhews from the Acts, as we did juft now, that Luke attended Paul in feveral of his journeys and voyages, and was his fellow-laborer in the gospel. He likewife fays: "that "(c) Luke was not only a companion, but also a fellow-laborer of the "Apoftles, especially of Paul." Again, he calls him "a (d) difciple and "follower of the Apoftles." "The (c) Apostles, he fays, envying none "plainly

(a) Vol. i. p. 354.

(c) P. 363.

(¿) P. 361... 363. (d) P. 361.

(e) Sic Apoftoli fimpliciter nemini invidentes quæ didicerant ipfi a Domino hæc omnibus tradebant. Sic igitur et Lucas nemini invidens, ea quæ

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"plainly delivered to all the things which they had learned from the "Lord. So likewife Luke, envying no man, has delivered to us what "he learned from them, as he fays: Even as they delivered them unto 66 us, who from the beginning were eye-witnesses and minifters of the word." By all which it feems, that Irenæus reckoned Luke to have been a difciple of the Apoftles, not a hearer of Jefus Chrift himself.

Clement of Alexandria has bore a large teftimonie to this Gospel, and the Acts, as well as to the other books of the New Teftament. And as we learn from Eufebe, "in (f) his Inftitutions, he mentions a tradi❝tion concerning the order of the Gofpels, which he had received from 66 Prefbyters of more ancient times, and which is to this purpose. He "fays, that the Gofpels containing the genealogies were writ firft:" According to that tradition therefore St. Matthew's and St. Luke's Gofpels were writ before St. Mark's. Which, according to the fame Clement, and the tradition received by him, was writ at Rome, at the request of St. Peter's hearers, or the Chriftians in that city.

Tertullian (g) fpeaks of Matthew and John, as difciples of Chrift, of Mark and Luke, as difciples of Apoftles. Therefore, I think, he did not reckon these to have been of the seventy, or hearers of Chrift. However, he ascribes a like authority to these, and fays: "that (b) the Gof"pel, which Mark publifhed, may be faid to be Peter's, whofe inter<< preter Mark was. For Luke's Digeft alfo is often afcribed to Paul. "And indeed it is eafie to take that for the mafters, which the difciples "published." Again: "moreover (i) Luke was not an Apostle, but "apoftolical: not a master, but a difciple: certainly less than his mafter, "but a difciple: certainly lefs than his mafter, certainly fo much later, “ as he is a follower of Paul, the last of the Apoftles." This likewife fhews Tertullian's notion of St. Luke's character.

In

Origen mentions the Gospels in the order now generally received. "The (4) third, fays he, is that according to Luke, the Gofpel com"mended by Paul, published for the fake of the Gentil converts." his Commentarie upon the epiftle to the Romans, which we now have in a Latin verfion only, he fays, upon ch. xvi. 21. "Some (1) fay, Lu"cius is Lucas the Evangelift, as indeed it is not uncommon to write "names fometimes according to the original form, fometimes according "to the Greek or Roman termination." Lucius, mentioned in that text of the epiftle to the Romans, must have been a Jew. Nevertheless, as Origen affures us, fome thought him to be Luke the Evangelift. The fame obfervation we faw in (m) Sedulius, who wrote a Commentarie upon St. Paul's epiftles, collected out of Origen, and others.

Eufebius

ab eis didicerat, tradidit nobis, ficut ipfe teftatur dicens: Quemadmodum tradiderunt nobis qui ab initio contemplatores et miniftri fuerunt verbi. Adv, H. l. 3. cap. 14. n. 2. () Vol. ii. p. 475. (b) P. 581.

(g) Vol. ii. p. 587.588.

(i) P. 587.

(k) Vol. iii. p. 235.

(1) Sed et Lucium quidam perhibent effe Lucam Evangelistam, qui Evangelium fcripfit, pro eo quod foleant nomina interdum fecundum patriam declinationem, interdum Græcam Romanamque proferri. In Rom. T. 2. p. 632. Bafil. 1571.

(m) Vol. xi. p. 182.

VOL. II.

F

Eufebius of Cefarea, as transcribed formerly, speaking of St. Paul's fellow-laborers, fays: "And (n) Luke, who was of Antioch, and by pro"feffion a Physician, for the most part a companion of Paul, who had "likewife more than a flight acquaintance with the reft of the Apoftles, "has left us in two books, divinely inspired, evidences of the art of hea"ling fouls, which he had learned from them. One of thefe is the Gofpel, which he profeffeth to have writ, as they delivered it to him, who "from the beginning were eye-witnesses and minifters of the word: with all "whom, he fays likewife, he had been perfectly acquainted from the very "firft. The other is the Acts of the Apostles, which he compofed now, not from what he had received by the report of others, but from what "he had feen with his own eyes.'

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And in another place, cited (o) alfo formerly, he obferves, "that (p) "Luke had delivered in his Gospel a certain account of fuch things, as "he had been well affured of by his intimate acquaintance and familia"rity with Paul, and his converfation with the other Apoftles."

From all which, I think, it appears, that Eufebe did not take Luke for a difciple of Chrift, but of Apostles only.

In the Synopfis afcribed to Athanafius it is faid, "that (g) the Gospel "of Luke was dictated by the Apoftle Paul, and writ and publifhed by "the bleffed Apoftle and Phyfician Luke."

The author of the Dialogue against the Marcionites fays, "that (r) Mark and Luke were difciples of Chrift, and of the number of the Seventy."

Epiphanius (s) fpeaks to the like purpose.

Gregorie Nazianzen fays, " that (t) Luke wrote for the Greeks." or in Achaia.

Gregorie Nylon fays, "that (u) Luke was as much a Physician for the foul, as for the body:" taking him to be the fame, that is mentioned Col. iv. 14.

In the catalogue of Ebedjefu it is faid, "that (x) Luke taught and "wrote at Alexandria, in the Greek language."

The Author of the Commentarie upon St. Paul's thirteen epiftles feems to have doubted, whether (y) the Evangelift Luke be the person intended Col. iv. 14.

86

Jerome agrees very much with Eufebe, already tranfcribed. Never. thelefs I fhall put down here fomewhat largely what he fays. "Luke (z) a Phyfician of Antioch, not unfkilfull in the Greek language, a disciple "of the Apostle Paul, and the conftant companion of his travels, wrote (c a Gospel, and another excellent volume, entitled the Acts of the "Apoftles. . . . It is fuppofed, that Luke did not learn his Gospel from "the Apostle Paul only, who had not conversed with the Lord in the "flefh, but alfo from other Apoftles. Which likewife he owns at the "begining

(0) P. 95.

(n) Vol. viii. p. 103. 104. (β) ... Τὸν ἀσφαλῆ λόγον ὧν αυτὸς ἱκανῶς τὴν ἀλήθειαν κατειλήφει, ἐκ τῆς ἅμα παύλῳ συνουσίας τε καὶ διατριβῆς, καὶ τῆς τῶν λοιπῶν ἀποτόλων ὁμιλίας ὤφει λήμενος, διὰ τὸ ἰδία παρέδωκεν ἐναγγελία. Η. Ε. l. 3. c. 24. p. 96. σε

(9) Vol. viii. p. 250. (t) Vol. ix. p. 133.

() Vol. ix. p. 367. 368.

(u) P. 156.

(r) P. 255.
(s) P. 306.
(x) P. 217.
(x) Vol. x. p. 94. . . 96.

"begining of his volume, faying: Even as they delivered them unto us, who from the beginning were eye-witnesses and minifters of the word. "Therefore he wrote the Gofpel from the information of others. But "the Acts he compofed from his own knowledge."

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So writes Jerome in his book of Illuftrious Men.

In the prologue to his Commentarie upon St. Matthew he fays: "The (a) third Evangelift is Luke, the Phyfician, a Syrian of Antioch, who was a difciple of the Apostle Paul, and published his Gospel in the countreys of Achaia and Baotia.”

He obferves elsewhere, "that (b) some said, Luke had been a profelyte to Judaism, before his converfion to Christianity." He fpeaks of St. Luke in many other places, which I need not now take notice of.

Auguftin fays, "that (c) two of the Evangelifts, Matthew and John, were Apoftles.. Mark and Luke difciples of Apostles."

Chryfoftom in the Synopfis, probably his, fays: "Two (d) of the Gospels "were writ by John and Matthew, Chrift's difciples, the other two by "Luke and Mark, of whom one was disciple of Peter, the other of Paul. "The former converfed with Chrift, and were eye-witnefles, of what 66 they wrote. The other two wrote what they had received from eye"witneffes." And to the like purpofe in (e) his firft homilie upon St. Matthew. Again he fays: "Luke (f) had the fluence of Paul, Mark "concifeneffe of Peter, both learning of their mafters." And And upon Col. iv. 14. he fays: This (g) is the Evangelift.

Upon Col. iv. 14. Theodoret fays, "that (b) perfon wrote the divine Gofpel, and the hiftorie of the Acts." He fays the fame upon (1) 2 Tim. iv. II.

Paulinus (m) celebrates Luke, as having been first a Physician of the body, then of the foul.

Here I would refer to the Author of Quæftiones et Refponfiones, probably writ in the fifth centurie, who (n) reckons both the Evangelifts, writers of the genealogies, that is, Matthew and Luke, to have been Hebrews.

According to Eutḥalius (0) Luke was a difciple of Paul, and a Physi,cian of Antioch.

Ifidore of Seville, fays: "of (p) the four Evangelifts, the first and last "relate what they had heard Chrift say, or had seen him perform. The "other two, placed between them, relate those things, which they had "learned from Apoftles. Matthew wrote his Gospel first in Judea. "Then Mark in Italie, Luke, the third, in Achaia, John the laft, in Afia." In another place he fays: "Of (q) all the Evangelifts Luke, "the third in order, is reckoned to have been the most skilful in the "Greek tongue. For he was a Physician, and wrote his Gospel in "Greece."

In

F 2

(a) P. 83. 84.

(b) P. 97.

(d) P. 312.

(e) P. 314... 316.

(c) P. 227. 228. And See p. 325.

P. 322.

(g) ‘Οὗτός ἐσιν ὁ εὐαγγελικής. In. Gol. hom. 12. Τ. xi. p. 412.

(b) See Vol. xi. note (A).

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(1) In 2. Tim. T. 3. p. 505.
(n) See Vol. i. p. 263.

(p) P. 367.

(9) P. 372.

In Theophylact are these things. In his preface to St. Matthew's Gofpel he fays, "that (r) there are four Evangelifts, two of which, Mat"thew and John, were of the choir of the twelve Apostles: the other two, Mark and Luke, were of the number of the Seventy. Mark was a difciple and companion of Peter, Luke of Paul.... Luke wrote fif"teen years after Chrift's afcenfion." In the preface to his Commentarie upon St. Luke he fays, "that (s) from that introduction it appears, "Luke was not from the begining a difciple, but only afterwards. For "others were difciples from the begining as Peter, and the fons of Ze"bedee, who delivered to him the things which they had seen or heard.” Upon which fome remarks were made by us in the place referred to. In his comment upon the hiftorie of the two difciples, whom Jefus met in the way to Emmaus, one of whom is faid to be Cleophas. Luke xxiv. 18. Theophylact fays: "Some (t) have thought the other to be Luke the "Evangelift, who out of modeftie declined to mention himself." In his preface to the Acts Theophylact fays: "The (u) writer is Luke, native of "Antioch, by profeffion a Phyfician.

Euthymius fays: "Luke (x) was a native of Antioch, and a Phyfician. He "was a hearer of Chrift, and, as fome fay, one of his feventy difciples, as well as Mark. He was afterwards very intimate with Paul. He "wrote his Gospel, with Paul's permiffion, fifteen years after our Lord's "afcenfion."

So Euthymius. But I fhould think, that very few, who supposed Lake to have been a native of Antioch, could likewife reckon him a hearer of Jefus Chrift. But Euthymius, as it feems, puts together every thing he had heard or read, without judgement or difcrimination.

What Nicephorus Callifti fays, is, briefly, to this purpose. "Two (y) "only of the Twelve, Matthew and John left memoirs of our Lord's life "on earth and two of the Seventy, Mark and Luke.. Matthew wrote "about fifteen years after our Saviour's afcenfion. Long after that Mark "and Luke published their Gospels by the direction of Peter and Paul. "The fame Luke compofed alfo the book of the Acts of the Apo"ftles."

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To thefe authors I now add Eutychius, Patriarch of Alexandria, in the tenth centurie, who fays: "In (2) the time of the fame Emperour, (that is, Nero,) Luke wrote his Gofpel in Greek to a noble and wife "man of the Romans, whose name was Theophilus: to whom alfo he "wrote the Acts, or the hiftorie of the Difciples. The Evangelift Luke was a companion of the Apoftle Paul, going with him where-ever he For which reafon the Apostle Paul in one of his epiftles fays: "Luke, the Phyfician, falutes you.”

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"went.

III. Having

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(x) P. 437.

(1) P. 423.
(y) P. 442.

(u) P. 426. (x) Etiam tempore hujus Imperatoris fcripfit Lucas Evangelium fuum Græce, ad virum nobilem ex fapientibus Romanis, cui nomen Theophilus, ad quem item fcripfit A&ta feu Difcipulorum hiftoriam. Erat autem Lucas Evangelifta comes Pauli Apoftoli, quocumque per aliquod tempus manfit. Unde eft, quod Paulus Apoftolus in quadam epiftola fua dicit, Lucas Medicus vos falutat. Eutych. Annal. p. 335, 336.

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